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Understanding Laravel request with example
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Laravel provides a own class to handle the request which is Illuminate\Http\Request. Request is used to retrieve the user input(GET and POST), cookies and files that was submitted during the request.

Get the request in controller

Current Request can be get retrieved in controller by injecting the dependency in controller method.

Class name is Illuminate\Http\Request.

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class PostController extends Controller
{
    
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $name = $request->input('title');
    }
}

Get the request in routes

We can also fetch the current request input, cookies and files in our routes as well.

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

Route::get('/', function (Request $request) {
    //
});

Get current request with parameter

We can also pass multiple parameter to our routes then we can get in controller with request.

in Route

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

Route::get('post/{id}', function ($id,Request $request) {
    //
});

And in controller

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class PostController extends Controller
{
    
    public function store($id,Request $request)
    {
        $name = $request->input('title');
    }
}

Accessing path and validating request path

To get the path in Laravel we use path method and to validate the request path start with then we can use is method .

$uri = $request->path();

For example URL is http://domain.com/user/post/1 then the path will be user/post/1

if ($request->is('post/*')) {
    //
}

Get request URL from current request

url and fullUrl method is used to get the current request URL, url method return the URL without query string parameter and fullUrl with query string parameter 

$url = $request->url();

$urlWithQueryString = $request->fullUrl();

Get request method and validating request method from current request

method and isMethod is used for get the method and validating the request method respectively.

$method = $request->method();

if ($request->isMethod('post')) {
    //
}

Get all inputs data from request

We can retrieve all request post and get variables from request by using all method of request.

$allInput = $request->all();
//or
$allInput = $request->input();

Get single input value from request

We can access the single input by input method or directly from request object

$name = $request->name;

//or

$name = $request->input('name');

// with default value

$name = $request->input('name',"Luci");

//working with array

$name = $request->input('users.0.name');

Get query params input value from request

We can also get query string from URL for example if we have http://domain/post?id=1

$id = $request->query('id');

Get all query params

$allQuery = $request->query();

Get uploaded files from request

file method is used for access the uploaded files in Laravel and to check the file is exists or not we can user hasFile.

$image = $request->file('image');
 //or 
$image = $request->image

//check file exists
$request->hasFile('image');

Let’s understand the request in with example

To understand the request we will take a simple registration form, create routes and controllers. so check below steps

Step 1: Create a laravel project

First step is to create the Laravel 8 project using composer command or you can also read the How to install laravel 8 ? and Laravel artisan command to generate controllers, Model, Components and Migrations

composer create-project laravel/laravel example-app

Step 2 : Create a controller

Now, create the controller and add the necessary imports and class. You can create by Laravel artisan or manually.

php artisan make:controller PostController

Now, add use Illuminate\Http\Request; and methods

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\Response;

class PostController extends Controller
{

     /**
     * Show the form to create a new blog post.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\View\View
     */
    public function create()
    {
        return view('post.create');
    }

    /**
     * Store a new blog post.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request, Response $response)
    {
        $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
            'email' => 'required|email',   // required and email format validation
            'phone_number' => 'required|numeric|digits_between:9,15', // required and number field validation
            'username' => 'required',
        ]); // create the validations
        if ($validator->fails())   //check all validations are fine, if not then redirect and show error messages
        {
            
            return back()->withInput()->withErrors($validator);
            // validation failed redirect back to form

        }
        else
        {
            //handle the form 
        }  
    }
   
}

Here , we added two methods one for to show the form view(create) and store to handle the form submit.

Step 3 : Create the view for form

We have created controller and now we need to create the form so we are creating the view file for it.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

        <title>Readerstacks laravel 8 request</title>
 <link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
   </head>
    <body class="antialiased">
    <div class="container">
    <!-- main app container -->
    <div class="readersack">
      <div class="container">
        <div class="row">
          <div class="col-md-6 offset-md-3">
            <h3>Laravel 8 request - Readerstacks</h3>
           
            <form method="post" action="{{url('submit-post')}}" name="registerform">
             <div class="form-group">
                <label>Email</label>
                <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ old('email') }}" class="form-control" />
                @csrf
              </div>
              <div class="form-group">
                <label>Phone number</label>
                <input type="text" name="phone_number"  value="{{ old('phone_number') }}" class="form-control" />
              </div>
              <div class="form-group">
                <label>Username</label>
                <input type="text" name="username"   value="{{ old('username') }}" class="form-control" [ />
              </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label>Image</label>
                <input type="file" name="image"    class="form-control" [ />
              </div>
              <div class="form-group">
                <button class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
              </div>
            </form>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- credits -->
    <div class="text-center">
      <p>
        <a href="#" target="_top">Laravel 8 http request</a>
      </p>
      <p>
        <a href="https://readerstacks.com" target="_top">readerstacks.com</a>
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
    </body>
</html>

Step 4 : Create Routes

First step is to create the routes to show the form and submit the form

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use \App\Http\Controllers\PostController;

Route::get('/create-post',[PostController::class, 'create']);
Route::post('/submit-post',[PostController::class, 'store']);

Screenshots:

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